Fasting on the 10th day of Muharram(First month of Hijri Calendar) was a habit of Arabs before Islam to fast on the 10th day of Muharram. Prophet (SAW) also followed this habit. When Ramadan was legalized Prophet (SAW) gave Muslims choice regarding offering of fast on 10th of Muharram.
The fast of tenth day of Muharram is known as Aashura’. Jews used to observe fast of Aashura as a remembrance and gratitude to Allah who delivered the Israels from Pharaoh and his party. When Prophet (SAW) heard about it he said that we are dearer to Musa and ordered Muslims to offer fast (voluntarily).
The other misconceptions and traditions about Muharram referring to many other historical event has no great importance and some of Ulema have expressed doubts about its authority.
Muslims offer fast on 9th or 11th of the month to differ from the practice of Jews.
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